The relationship between Tanzania and China in terms of trade and economy today is far more significant than in the1970s;Chinas policy is still attractive,and the relationship have remained relatively strong.There are two clearly distinct eras in the Tanzania-China partnership:the socialist period,from1964to1989;and the last27years,dominated in both countries by economic reforms,political changes and globalisation.Chinese and sometimes African historians like to remind us about the Ming dynasty and Admiral Zheng Hes voyages to the East coast of the black continent in the14th and15th century(Kamata,2014).However,this mythical period of"peaceful trade"belongs more to a Chinese government-sponsored legitimising narrative than a meaningful background to the fifty year old history of Tanzania-China relations(Wang,2010;Walt,2012).The first thing that makes the Tanzania-China relationship different from other Sino-African bi-lateral partnerships is the quasisimultaneous and deep transformations of both countries after the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union.These transformations are far from having been identical:Tanzania gradually moved in the1990s from a one-party system to a multiparty democracy while China has remained dominated by the Communist Party and authoritarianism.　　The main subject of this paper is based on the assessment of the economic relationship between Tanzania and China looking in-depth at the achievements and the challenges.The study is based on objectives such as;to find out the past and the current economic ties between China and Tanzania,to examine the challenges and the Achievements to both Tanzania and China and to find out ways in which the relationship can be improved or strengthened.The research methodology employed would be the qualitative case study design in which various literatures are consulted to answer the questions in the research paper.Further;various aspects of the relationships of the two countries are looked into by relevant state organs and students especially those studying international relations.The study will act as a benchmark for the existing studies and help relevant stakeholders in drawing conclusions and coming up with the ways of strengthening the economic relationship between Tanzania and China.The study will try to bridge in any existing knowledge gap and help in further researches.