Heavy metals(Hg,Pb,Cd,Cr,Ni,Sb,etc.)and arsenic(As)are toxic air pollutants that have aroused a worldwide concern due to their bioaccumulation,toxicity,persistence and possible long range transport in the environment.China is one of the few countries in the world whose energy mix is highly dependent on coal mainly due to the integrated situation of fossil-fuel resource reserve conditions of relatively rich in coal while lacking oil and natural gas.Coal consumption constitutes approximately 70%of the countrys total primary energy consumption.China,with its more than 2000 coal-fired power plants,is the largest coal consumer.By the end of 2010,coal use for electric generation has amounted to approximately 1590 Mt,accounting for about 50%of the national total coal consumption.Although toxic heavy metals and arsenic are normally present in only trace level in Chinese coals,millions of tons of coal consumed by coal-fired power plants results in signi?cant accumulative emissions of these substances.During 11th Five-Year Plan period,in response to the increasing energy crisis and environmental contamination,the energy-saving and pollution reduction policy was issued by the Chinese central government.With the implementation of the specific measures for coal-fired power plant,including the phasing out of small units,application of fabric filters or combined electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters on newly built or retro?tted coal-?red boilers,installation of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)and flue gas denitrification system,as well as usage of clean and renewable energy and so on,the final emission rates of heavy metals and arsenic in the stack of coal-fired power plant have been remarkably reduced.In this study,we will first discuss the variation of different control measures for power sector accompanying the implementation of energy-saving and pollution reduction policy during the 11th Five-Year Plan period.Subsequently,the current mitigation potentials of typical toxic heavy metals and arsenic emissions are evaluated.Finally,on accounting of the current status of coal-fired power plants and future demand of energy-saving and pollution reduction for China,we will project the control potentials of typical heavy metals and arsenic emissions by conducting various scenario analyses.