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Rice is the main route of methylmercury(MeHg)exposure for rice consumption population in mercury(Hg)mining areas,Guizhou,China.But the risk assessment system of MeHg exposure is based on epidemiological data from fish consumption.This study is designed to evaluate the relationship between dietary MeHg intake and human body burden in rice consumption population from Wanshan Hg mining area,China.The MeHg concentrations in rice averaged at 11.7±8.84 ng/g and the average probable daily intake(PDI)of MeHg via rice consumption in different sites ranged from 0.050 to 0.132 μg/kg/d.Hair MeHg concentrations averaged at 2.07±1.79 μg/g,while the average of blood MeHg in different sites ranged from 2.20 to 9.36 μg/L.The MeHg constituted 52.8±17.5%and 71.7±18.2%of THg on average in blood and hair samples,respectively.Blood and hair MeHg concentrations,rather than THg,can be used as proxy of human MeHg exposure.Hair MeHg levels showed no significant monthly variation,even hair THg can be impacted by inorganic Hg exposure.The toxicokinetic model of MeHg exposure based on fish consumption underestimated human body burden,which maybe resulted from the high hair-to-blood MeHg ratio(361±105)in rice consumption population.The nutrients may impact the absorption,distribution,and elimination of MeHg in human body of rice consumption population.Generally,the study population is exposed to MeHg to a certain level through rice consumption,and more attention should be taken into the developing fetus.