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Purpose This study aimed to assess the available evidence on prognostic factors of 3 and 5-year survival for patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) following surgical resection.Methods We performed a comprehensive search of abstracts in the databases which relevant studies were published between January 2000 and August 2015.Risk ratio (RR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and random-effects model were estimated using RevMan 5.3 software.Results A total of 23 observational studies involving 2063 patients with DCC were analyzed in Meta-analysis.The meta-analysis for 3 year survival showed that perineural invasion (RR, 0.64;95% CI, 0.56-0.74;P < 0.00001),lymph node metastasis (RR, 0.47;95% CI, 0.36-0.60;P < 0.00001), and positive of resection margin status (RR,1.87;95% CI, 1.33-2.64;P =0.0003) were associated with shorter survival.The meta-analysis for 5 year survival showed that perineural invasion (RR, 0.51;95% CI, 0.40-0.64;P < 0.00001), lymph node metastasis (RR, 0.51;95%CI, 0.38-0.70;P < 0.0001), and no well differentiation adenocarcinoma (RR, 1.77;95% CI, 1.39-2.25;P < 0.00001) were shorter survival.Conclusions Only perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis were the significant prognostic factors for 3 and 5-year survival after the resection of DCC.