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A method by lidar based on laser beam spreading and wander was applied to measure refractive in-dex structure constant. The method can be applied in some special situation. Turbulence causes to laser beamspreading and wander, it make backscatter signal of lidar to be aberrant. The relation between laser beamspreading, wander and the refractive index structure constant was analyzed theoretically, and the affection byturbulence to lidar backscatter signal was analyzed. Refractive index structure constant is measured by compar-ing the aberrant signal with normal signal. Comparing the method with another method showed that the twomethods were accord with each other. So it is testified the validity of this method.