Objective: To assess the effectiveness of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the treatment of lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) and to analyze potential prognostic factors on survival.Patients: This retrospective study analyzed data from 41 patients with chemotherapy-sensitive lymphoblastic lymphoma who underwent HSCT from December 1989 to December 2009 in a single institution.Results: Initial treatments were conducted in 36 patients, of which 26 were in first complete remission (CR1) at transplantation.The other 5 patients had had relapsed diseases.The median follow-up was 97.1 months (range 24.6~ 173.1 months) for surviving patients.The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and event-free survival rate (EFS) were 64% and 47%, respectively, for initial patients;and were both 20% for relapsed patients.The 5-year OS for patients in CR1 and in other disease status were 73% and 33%, respectively (P=0.033), and 5-year EFS were 49% and 33%, respectively (P=0.076).Age (20 years as cut-off), bone marrow involvement, and chemotherapy cycles (4 as cut-off) prior to transplantation were identified as significant prognostic factors for EFS in multivariate analysis.Of the 8 bone marrow involved patients, 3 underwent allogeneic HSCT and remained disease-free in the following 25, 40, and 144 months, respectively;while the other 5 received autologous HSCT and all died of disease progression within 25 months after the transplantation.Conclusions: These results confirm that HSCT is a reasonable option for chemotherapy-sensitive LBL patients in CR1.Allogeneic HSCT is superior to autologous HSCT in LBL patients with bone marrow involvement.