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OBJECTIVE To investigated the association between the functional polymorphisms in SELE and the risk of coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP) in Han Chinese population.METHODS Three polymorphisms (T1880C/rs5355, T1559C/rs5368, A16089G/rs4786) in SELE were genotyped and analyzed in a case-control study with 697 CWP cases and 694 controls.The genotyping was based on the TaqMan method with the ABI 7900HT Real Time PCR system.RESULTS The SELE rs5368 CT genotype was associated with a significantly increased the risk of CWP (OR =1.28, 95% Cl =1.02-1.60, P =0.03) relative to the CC genotype.The statistical analysis of classification and regression tree (CART) and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) were used to predict the interactions among risk factors of CWP.The MDR analysis found that the best interaction model was the two-factor model that contains pack-years smoked and SELE rs5368 genotypes.For non-smokers, the CART analysis showed an increased risk of CWP for carriers of the SELE rs_5368 variant genotype compared with the commongenotype (OR=1.51;95%Cl=1.11-2.05, P=0.0069).CONCLUSION The results suggest that the T1559C/rs5368 polymorphism and smoking are involved in the susceptibility to CWP.Further studies are warranted to validate these findings.