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Obesity is associated with chronic low degree inflammation, signified by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation.Adipose tissues and infiltrated macrophages are important sites of cytokine production.We examined the anti-inflammatory function of phytochemicals, especially fractions and compounds isolated from bamboo Phyllostachys edulis.Our results showed that an ethanol-soluble fraction of the bamboo extract inhibited MCP-1 and IL-6 overproduction under in vitro lipotoxic conditions, as well as in obese mice.This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with (1) the intervention between adipocyte and macrophage interaction, (2) the prevention of NFkappaB and AP-1 pathway activation, and (3) the amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondria deformation.Two flavones have been identified as functional compounds, and their anti-inflammatory efficiencies weredetermined by the status of O-methylation.When a 3-dimmensional tissue culture model was used in the studies, the anti-inflammatory efficiencies of the tested samples were found significantly higher in comparison to those obtained from the conventional 2-dimensional system, suggesting a promising role of the functional 3D model in the anti-inflammation studies.