Heterogeneity is a well known clinical feature of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).In early AMD some patients present with primarily small drusen while others have predominantly large drusen in the retina.In late AMD some patients tend to develop geographic atrophy (GA) while others develop choroidal neovacularization and/or fibrosis, while some do not develop fibrosis.The specific cause of this heterogeneity is not completely understood.Therefore we have initiated a large (100 patients) immunological study, where we study different immunological markers in the blood from patients with AMD in different stages of the disease and with different clinical characteristics.We also compared the findings to age-matched individuals.Some of the immunological markers we study are complement regulatory proteins and chemokine receptors.Our preliminary data show that patients with fibrosis have specific defects in the complement regulatory protein on monocytes, not only compared to age-matched control individuals without retinal disease, but also compared to other patients with late AMD but without fibrosis formation.We have also found that specific chemokine receptors on different T-cell subtypes are not only lower in patients with AMD compared to age-matched control individuals, but more so patients with GA have a very limited expression of certain receptors on the different populations of T-cells compared to patients without GA.In conclusion our data show that patients with AMD have measureable immunological changes in the blood compared to age-matched individuals but importantly some of these changes are unique towards a specific retinal morphology.These findings might give clues towards identifying specific entities of AMD, possibly resulting in different treatment strategies.