乳腺癌是妇女最常见的恶性肿瘤，全球乳癌发病率几乎每年２％的发病率递增〖１〗，在我国，乳腺癌发病率已跃居女性恶性肿瘤的首位。迄今为止，手术治疗仍是乳腺癌主要治疗手段之一。自Halsted创立乳腺癌根治术以来，乳腺癌外科经历了四大历程，即１９世纪末的乳腺癌根治术，２ Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. The incidence of breast cancer in the world is increasing by almost 2% every year. In China, the incidence of breast cancer has leapt to the top of that in women. So far, surgical treatment is still one of the main treatment of breast cancer. Breast cancer has undergone four major histories since the founding of Halsted’s radical mastectomy: radical mastectomy at the end of 19th century, 2