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现在,所有的经济学家都认为:农业是苏联经济的“致命弱点”。可是,从1928年苏联第一个五年计划开始,至五十年代后期,可以说苏联农业作为支持苏联经济高速工业化和高速度发展的有缘分的巨人,是取得了相当大的成就的。当然,从战前的第一个五年计划至五十年代后期,苏联农业生产的增长率也不那么理想。根据政府公布的数目,例如在1928—1960年期间,苏联的工业生产增长了约九倍(按西方的纯生产指标来计算),而同期的农业生产却只不过增长了一点八倍。特别在谷物生产方面,至第二次大战后又经历九年时间的1954年止,各年产量没达到该年前四十年的1913年的产量(仍然根据政府的公报)。从整个历史阶段来看,可以说苏联谷物生产是形势不佳的。此后,
Now, all economists agree: Agriculture is the “fatal weakness” of the Soviet economy. However, beginning with the first five-year plan of the Soviet Union in 1928 and ending in the late 1950s, it can be said that the Soviet Union’s agriculture, as a famed giant in support of the Soviet Union’s rapid industrialization and high-speed development, has made considerable achievements. Of course, the growth rate of agricultural production in the Soviet Union was not so satisfactory from the first five-year plan before the war to the late 1950s. According to the number of government announcements, for example, industrial production in the Soviet Union increased by about nine times (calculated according to the purely Western production index) between 1928 and 1960, while the agricultural production in the same period only increased by a factor of eight times. In cereal production in particular, by 1954, nine years after World War II, the annual output did not reach the 1913 output of the previous four decades of that year (still according to the communiqué of the government). From the historical point of view, it can be said that the cereal production in the Soviet Union is in a bad situation. Since then,