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目的:分析新生儿普遍听力筛查通过而确诊为听力障碍患儿的听力学特点及病因,探讨对高危儿进行听力监测的有效措施。方法:收集6例于2008年1月～2009年6月通过耳声发射作为新生儿听力普遍筛查而在柳州新生儿听力筛查中心确诊为听力障碍患儿的资料,分析病史、就诊情况及听力学检查结果。结果:6例均被确诊为极重度感音神经性聋(1例为单耳),其中3例儿童保健科转诊患儿均确诊为听神经病。确诊为听力障碍患儿具有高胆红素血症、脑损伤综合征、早产低体重及母孕早期感染病史等一种或多种听损伤高危因素。结论:新生儿听力筛查通过而被确诊为听力障碍者,其听力学特点以极重度感音神经性聋为主,使用耳声发射进行听力筛查可漏筛蜗后病变所致的听力障碍。听力损失患儿多数为高危儿。新生儿听力筛查与儿童保健工作、脑损伤高危儿监测相结合,对听力损失高危儿进行听力监测具有重要作用。
Objective: To analyze the audiological features and etiology of children with hearing impairment through the general hearing screening of newborns, and to explore effective measures for hearing monitoring in high-risk infants. Methods: Six cases of hearing-impaired children diagnosed as neonates with otoacoustic emissions from January 2008 to June 2009 were collected in Liuzhou Newborn Hearing Screening Center. Their medical history and treatment were analyzed. Hearing test results. Results: All the 6 cases were diagnosed as extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss (1 case was single ear), of which 3 cases were referred to pediatric neurology department. Children with hearing impairment have hyperbilirubinemia, brain injury syndrome, low birth weight premature birth and the history of early pregnancy, one or more high risk factors for hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn hearing screening has been diagnosed as hearing impaired, and its audiological features are mainly severe sensorineural deafness. The use of otoacoustic emissions for hearing screening can make it possible to miss the auditory impaired due to pathological changes . Most children with hearing loss are high-risk children. Newborn hearing screening and child health work, high risk children with brain injury monitoring combined for high-risk hearing loss hearing monitoring plays an important role.