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目的通过分析广州市甲型H1N1流感暴发疫点与监测人群病毒的抗体水平,了解甲型H1N1流感的流行趋势,为预防甲型H1N1流感疫情提供科学依据。方法应用红细胞血凝抑制(HI)方法检测流感甲型H1N1抗体,对比分析1570名疫区学生与1326名监测人群血清标本H1N1流感病毒的抗体水平。结果疫区学生甲型H1N1流感病毒感染率、流感罹患率分别为32.17%、22.23%,明显高于市区监测人群的22.62%、15.38%(P=0.000,P=0.000)。疫点学生与市区监测人群甲型H1N1流感隐性感染率分别为9.94%、7.24%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.012)。在已感染甲型H1N1流感病毒的疫点学生和市区监测人群中,甲型H1N1流感隐性感染率(30.89%、32.00%)差异无统计学意义(P=0.754)。疫点人群显性感染者的抗体滴度明显高于隐性感染者(t=4.701,P=0.000),监测人群中显性感染与隐性感染者的抗体滴度无显著差异(t=0.248,P=0.804)。结论疫点学生甲型H1N1流感隐性感染率明显高于监测人群。提示隐性感染人群具有潜在的传染力,应加强隐性感染者的监测。
Objective To understand the epidemic trend of Influenza A (H1N1) and provide a scientific basis for preventing the outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1) by analyzing the level of antibody of outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1) and monitoring the level of virus in Guangzhou. Methods Influenza A (H1N1) antibody was detected by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) method. The antibody levels of H1N1 influenza virus in 1570 outpatients and 1326 serum samples were compared. Results The prevalence rate of influenza A (H1N1) virus and the prevalence of influenza in affected area were 32.17% and 22.23% respectively, significantly higher than 22.62% and 15.38% (P = 0.000, P = 0.000) of urban monitoring population. The latent infection rate of Influenza A (H1N1) in outbreak students and urban residents was 9.94% and 7.24%, respectively, with significant difference (P = 0.012). The prevalence of latent infection of influenza A (H1N1) (30.89%, 32.00%) was not significantly different among the epidemic-infected students and urban residents who had been infected with the H1N1 influenza virus (P = 0.754). The antibody titers of dominant infection in the outbreak population were significantly higher than that of the latent infection (t = 4.701, P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in antibody titers between the dominant and the latent infection in the monitoring population (t = 0.248 , P = 0.804). Conclusion The latent infection rate of Influenza A (H1N1) in the epidemic areas was significantly higher than that of the surveillance population. Prompt latent infection of the population has potential contagious, should strengthen the detection of latent infection.