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[目的]通过对鄞州区部分小微企业职业病危害状况的调查与分析,为有关部门制订基本职业卫生服务政策及全面开展职业病防控工作提供依据。[方法]按照职业病危害基本情况调查工作方案,用随机数字法抽取辖区内2%的职业病危害小微企业作为调查对象,调查企业基本情况、生产工艺、职业病防护措施、工人接触情况及职业病危害因素、健康监护情况。[结果]小微企业存在的职业病危害因素前3位是噪声、粉尘、高温,分别占企业总数的59.5%、54.1%、18.9%。结果表明,小微企业作业场所生产性粉尘合格率为83.30%,物理因素合格率为72.02%,化学因素合格率为76.90%。[结论]小微企业用人单位对职业病危害防制不够重视,应进一步落实职业病危害因素的工程防护和个人防护措施,建议职业卫生监管部门加强对小规模企业的职业病危害的监管。
[Objective] Through the investigation and analysis of the occupational diseases in some small and micro enterprises in Yinzhou District, it provides the basis for the relevant departments to formulate the basic occupational health service policy and to carry out prevention and control of occupational diseases in an all-round way. [Method] According to the work plan of investigating the basic situation of occupational disease hazards, 2% occupational hazard micro and small enterprises in the area were drawn by random number method as the investigation object, and the basic situation, production process, protective measures against occupational diseases, worker exposure and occupational hazards were investigated Health care situation. [Results] The top three risk factors of occupational diseases in small and micro enterprises are noise, dust and high temperature, accounting for 59.5%, 54.1% and 18.9% of the total number of enterprises respectively. The results showed that the passing rate of productive dust in the workplace of small and micro enterprises was 83.30%, the passing rate of physical factors was 72.02% and the passing rate of chemical factors was 76.90%. [Conclusion] The employing units of small and micro enterprises pay insufficient attention to the prevention and control of occupational hazards. The engineering and personal protective measures of occupational hazards should be further implemented. It is suggested that the occupational health regulatory authorities should strengthen the supervision over the occupational hazards of small-scale enterprises.