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应用P_1、P_2、F_1、F_2、F_3、B_1,和B_2世代,研究籼-粳杂种亚优2号(籼品系3037×带有广亲和基因的梗品系02428)的杂种优势和基因效应。结果表明:(1)单株产量和株高在F_1代有着突出的超亲优势,优势率分别为103.34％和28.61％。单株产量的杂种优势由显性效应引起,株高优势则由上位性效应引起。(2)出穗期、每株穗数和粒重在F_1代均不存在超亲优势;每穗粒数虽超亲,但不显著。杂种优势的大小,决定于遗传机制,与双亲的表型差异无关。(3)单株产量和每穗粒数在F_1代就有较大的(接近于异质群体)个体间变异,可能是籼、粳的杂合性或亲和性造成的。
The heterosis and gene effects of indica-japonica hybrid Yyou 2 (indica line 3037 × petal line with broad compatibility gene 02428) were studied using P_1, P_2, F_1, F_2, F_3, B_1 and B_2 generations. The results showed that: (1) The per plant yield and plant height had prominent super-pro-dominant in F1 generation with the dominant rates of 103.34% and 28.61%, respectively. The heterosis per plant yield is caused by the dominant effect, and the plant height advantage is caused by the epistatic effect. (2) At the heading stage, the number of panicle per panicle and grain weight were not super-dominant in F1 generation. Although the number of panicle per panicle was super-pro, it was not significant. The size of the heterosis depends on the genetic mechanism and has nothing to do with the phenotypic differences of the parents. (3) The per plant yield and grain number per spike had larger (close to heterogeneous population) individuals variation in F1 generation, which may be caused by the heterozygosity or affinity of indica and japonica.