平常,人们说,某某有文化或者没有文化,一般的意思是说对方掌握书写文化的程度;但从历史发展的过程看,它也反映了文明社会的人们,特别是学者的一种偏见,即长期忽视自身文化中的非书写文化及其存在合理性。由于缺少书写文化的、或说很少有权力接受识字教育的,主要是老百姓,因此,他们思想、信仰和行为,还一直被认为是无知的、粗俗的和迷信的。民俗学正是要扭转这种偏见的一门学问。它从19世纪中叶兴起,到20世纪中叶,经过 Normally, people say that there is a certain culture or no culture. The general meaning means that each has a good grasp of writing culture. However, judging from the historical development process, it also reflects the prejudices of people in civilized society, especially scholars. That is, long-term neglect of non-writing culture in its own culture and its existence rationality. Because of the lack of writing culture, or seldom have the power to receive literacy education, mainly the people, their thoughts, beliefs and behaviors have always been considered ignorant, vulgar and superstitious. Folklore is just a science to reverse this prejudice. It rose from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century, passing by