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ＨＬＡ是一类复杂的人类遗传多肽性系统，其研究工作在医学实践中有十分重要的意义。其中，ＨＬＡ－Ⅰ类抗原在移植排斥反应中起着重要作用，是组织排斥应答的主要抗原，同时对细胞毒Ｔ细胞起约束作用，ＨＬＡ－Ⅰ类抗原除了以膜抗原形式存在于细胞膜表面外，目前也已从人类的血清和淋巴液，尿液及乳汁中检出，称为可溶性ＨＬＡ抗原（ＳｏｌｕｄｌｅＨＬＡＡｎｔｉｇｅｎｓ，ｓＨＬＡ）。本文综述了ｓＨＬＡ－Ⅰ分子的分泌、结构、检测、在免疫调节及在自身免疫病、器官移植、感染等生理、病理状况下的意义。
HLA is a kind of complex human genetic polypeptide system, and its research work is of great significance in medical practice. Among them, HLA class I antigens play an important role in graft rejection, which is the main antigen of tissue rejection and cytotoxic T cells. HLA class I antigens exist in the form of membrane antigens on the surface of cell membrane , Has also been detected from human serum and lymph, urine and milk, known as soluble HLA antigen (SoludleHLAAntigens, sHLA). This review summarizes the roles of sHLA-I molecules in secretion, structure, and detection in immunomodulation and in physiological and pathological conditions such as autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation and infection.