结核病的发病经过多年下降后，由于艾滋病的流行而又迅速上升。HIV相关结核病的流行已经给有限的预算和工作人员增加了沉重的负担。机会感染在世界各地发病不同，如卡氏肺囊虫肺炎在美国和欧洲是一个主要问题，而在非洲各国则肺结核发病率较高。如在坦桑尼亚某地医院住院的结核 After years of decline, the incidence of tuberculosis has risen rapidly due to the prevalence of AIDS. The HIV-associated tuberculosis epidemic has placed a heavy burden on the limited budget and staff. Opportunistic infections have different incidences in different parts of the world. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a major problem in the United States and Europe, and the incidence of tuberculosis is high in African countries. Such as TB hospitalized in a hospital in Tanzania