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目的分析儿科患儿肺炎支原体感染情况及流行病学特征。方法对2011年1月-2014年12月在广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院就诊的呼吸道感染患儿67 474例采用被动凝集法检测血清肺炎支原体抗体,并分析其临床资料。数据采用SPSS16.0软件进行分析,数据比较采用χ~2检验。结果肺炎支原体感染率为29.32%,其中女性患儿为35.97%,高于男性患儿的25.18%;6～15岁感染率为52.05%,高于<1岁组的5.85%、1～3岁组的30.32%和3～6岁组的42.41%;2011年感染率为33.39%,高于2012年的26.29%、2013年的28.93%和2014年的29.87%;4年间,冬季感染率为35.09%,高于春季的29.98%、夏季的24.78%和秋季的27.70%;肺炎患儿感染率为37.58%,高于支气管炎患儿的28.25%、上呼吸道感染患儿的21.13%和哮喘患儿的17.55%,肺炎支原体感染在不同性别、年龄组、各年度及季节间和不同疾病患儿间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论南宁地区小儿肺炎支原体感染全年均有发生,女性高于男性,冬季常见,学龄期儿童感染率最高,临床表现以肺炎为主。
Objective To analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in pediatric patients. Methods A total of 67 474 children with respiratory tract infection from January 2011 to December 2014 in the MCH hospital of Guangzhou Zhuang Autonomous Region were tested for their serum levels of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by passive agglutination and their clinical data were analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS16.0 software, the data were compared using χ ~ 2 test. Results The infection rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae was 29.32%, which was 35.97% in women and 25.18% in children. The infection rate was 52.05% between 6 and 15 years old, which was higher than 5.85% and 1 to 3 years old 30.32% in the group and 42.41% in the group of 3 to 6 years old. The infection rate in 2011 was 33.39%, higher than 26.29% in 2012, 28.93% in 2013 and 29.87% in 2014. The infection rate in winter was 35.09 %, Higher than 29.98% in spring, 24.78% in summer and 27.70% in autumn. The infection rate in children with pneumonia was 37.58%, higher than that in children with bronchitis (28.25%), children with upper respiratory tract infection (21.13%) and children with asthma 17.55%, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in different gender, age group, the annual and seasonal differences in children with different diseases were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Nanning district occurred throughout the year. The prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia was higher in males than in males in winter, and was highest in school-age children. The main clinical manifestations were pneumonia.