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外资并购,也称跨国并购,是指一国企业收购他国企业的一部或全部资产,并对该企业的经营管理实施实际控制的行为。中国加入世界贸易组织之后,外国资本直接收购中国境内企业的实例开始大量出现。然而长期以来中国一直未能形成一部系统的涉及外资并购国家安全审查制度的法典。2011年2月,国务院办公厅出台了《关于建立外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查制度的通知》,这是我国第一部涉及该制度的专门性法律,它的出台标志着我国国家安全审查制度的正式建立。同年8月,商务部颁布了《商务部实施外国投资者并购境内企业安全审查制度的规定》。这两部法规的出台填补了我国国家安全审查制度领域的法律空白,具有里程碑式的意义。美国是世界上最早设立外资并购门槛的国家,经过将近一百年的不断发展和完善,美国已经建立了相当完备的外资并购国家安全审查法律体系。相较于美国,我国的外资并购国家安全审查制度还存在着诸多缺陷。因此,我国应当有选择地借鉴美国在外资并购国家安全审查领域的制度设计和司法实践,继续完善我国国家安全审查制度的基本框架、审查标准、机构设置和审查程序等方面的内容,从制度层面进一步保护我国的国家安全。
Foreign mergers and acquisitions, also known as cross-border M & A, refer to the acquisition by a company of a state of one or all its assets and the actual control over the operation and management of that enterprise. After China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, instances of direct acquisition of enterprises in China by foreign capital began to appear in large numbers. However, for a long time China has not been able to form a systematic code of conduct concerning the merger and acquisition of state security in foreign countries. In February 2011, the General Office of the State Council promulgated the “Notice on Establishing a System for the Security Review of Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors,” which is the first specific law in China that involves this system. Its promulgation marked the national security review system of our country The official establishment. In August of the same year, the Ministry of Commerce promulgated the “Provisions of the Ministry of Commerce on Implementing the System of Security Review by Foreign Investors on Domestic Enterprises”. The promulgation of these two laws and regulations has filled the legal gap in the field of China’s national security review system and has a landmark meaning. The United States is the earliest country in the world to set up a threshold for M & A of foreign investment. After nearly a hundred years of continuous development and improvement, the United States has established a fairly complete legal system for the national security review of mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors. Compared with the United States, China’s foreign mergers and acquisitions system of state security there are still many shortcomings. Therefore, our country should selectively learn from the system design and judicial practice of the United States in the field of foreign security mergers and acquisitions review, continue to improve the basic framework of China’s national security review system, examine the standards, institutional settings and review procedures and other aspects, from the institutional level Further protect our country’s national security.