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研究旨在探讨土层置换对土壤物理性质和化学性质的变化及对作物产量的影响,这对作物高产具有重要意义。试验地点选在黑龙江省宝清县草甸土上,以玉米绥玉7、马铃薯克新13和甜菜德国KWS3418为材料,设置土层置换和浅翻深松2个处理,分析不同处理对土壤含水率、硬度、土壤三相、速效养分及产量的影响。结果表明:与浅翻深松处理相比,土层置换处理后2年内,明显改善土壤物理性质,0~40 cm土层土壤含水率分别提高3.7%和3.0%;土壤硬度分别下降17.6%和21.6%。20~40 cm土壤固相分别降低0.3%和0.7%;液相分别提高3.7%和1.1%;气相分别提高2.0%和4.2%。进而容重降低,提高土壤通透性。土层置换处理改善20~40 cm土层土壤化学性质,提高土壤速效养分。20~40 cm土层平均养分变化为:碱解氮分别提高48.4%和46.0%;速效钾分别提高12.9%和38.9%;速效磷分别提高11.9%和15.6%。土壤不同层次物理和化学性质的改变能够提高作物产量,与浅翻深松处理相比,2011年、2012年玉米分别增产31.6%、17.9%,马铃薯分别增产70.5%、25.0%,甜菜分别增产12.4%和38.9%,差异达到显著水平。综合以上分析表明,土层置换处理后土壤2个作物生育期内能够改善心土层土壤物理性状、化学性状,从而提高作物产量。因此土层置换技术可为低产土壤改良及作物高产提供理论依据和技术支持。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of soil replacement on soil physical and chemical properties and crop yield, which is of great importance to crop yield. The test site was selected on the meadow soil in Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province. Two treatments of soil replacement and shallow ponder pine were set up with the maize Sui-yu 7, Potato-new 13 and sugar beet Germany KWS3418. The effects of different treatments on soil moisture Rate, hardness, soil three-phase, available nutrients and yield. The results showed that the soil physical properties were significantly improved within 2 years after soil replacement, compared with those of shallow and deep subsoiling treatments, soil water content in 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased by 3.7% and 3.0% respectively, and soil hardness decreased by 17.6% and 21.6%. The solid phase of 20-40 cm soil layer decreased by 0.3% and 0.7% respectively, the liquid phase increased by 3.7% and 1.1% respectively, and the gas phase increased by 2.0% and 4.2% respectively. And then reduce the bulk density and improve soil permeability. Soil replacement treatment can improve soil chemical properties in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer and increase soil available nutrients. The average nutrient contents in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layers were as follows: the content of available nitrogen increased by 48.4% and 46.0%, the available potassium increased by 12.9% and 38.9%, the available phosphorus increased by 11.9% and 15.6% respectively. In 2011 and 2012, maize increased by 31.6% and 17.9% respectively in 2011 and 2011 with the increase of 70.5% and 25.0% in potatoes and the increment of sugar beet by 12.4% and 20.4% respectively % And 38.9%, the difference reached a significant level. Based on the above analysis, it is shown that soil physical properties and chemical properties in the soil layer can be improved during the growth period of two crops in the soil after soil replacement, thus increasing the crop yield. Therefore, soil replacement technology can provide theoretical basis and technical support for low yielding soil improvement and high crop yield.