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梁和板一样,都是受弯构件,大多数的屋盖和楼盖都是由梁和板以不同的方式组成的。一、梁的种类梁根据它的跨数可分为:(一)单跨梁,只有一跨。(二)多跨连续梁,有两跨以上的跨度。梁根据其支承情况又可分为:(一)悬臂梁,梁一端悬空,一端固定。(二)非悬臂梁,梁的支座为简支、固定或连续。梁根据其截面形式又可分为:矩形截面梁、T形(或倒T形)截面梁、工形截面梁、两侧带“耳朵”的花篮梁等。梁根据其截面高度是否变化,又可分为:等截面梁和变截面梁。梁根据其受力情况又可分为:(一)次梁,直接承受板传来的荷重,并将荷重通过其端支座传给支承它的主梁,次梁一般承受均布荷重。(二)主梁,承受次梁传来的集中荷重,并将荷重传给支承主梁的墙或柱。主梁也受均布荷重,但主要是承受集中荷重。现浇钢筋混凝土梁板,往往将
Beams, like plates, are flexural members. Most roofs and floor slabs are composed of beams and plates in different ways. First, the type of beam According to its span can be divided into: (a) single span beam, only one span. (b) Multi-span continuous beams with a span of more than two spans. According to its support conditions, the beams can be further divided into: (1) Cantilever beams, one end of which is suspended and one end is fixed. (b) Non-cantilever beams, the beams are simply supported, fixed or continuous. According to its cross-section, beams can be divided into: rectangular section beams, T-shaped (or inverted T-shaped) section beams, I-shaped section beams, and flower beams with “ears” on both sides. According to whether the height of its section changes, beams can be divided into: equal-section beams and variable-section beams. According to the force conditions, the beam can be divided into: (i) The secondary beam, which directly receives the load transmitted from the plate, and transmits the load through its end support to the main beam that supports it. The secondary beam generally bears a uniform load. (b) The main beam receives the concentrated load from the secondary beam and passes the load to the wall or column supporting the main beam. The main beam is also uniformly loaded, but it is mainly subjected to concentrated loads. Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slabs, often will