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目的研究急性病毒性肝炎病原学的特征,制定科学的预防措施。方法对2004年1月～2008年12月收治的734例急性病毒性肝炎患者,进行血清病原学分型及流行病学研究。结果 734例中,甲、乙、丙、戊型病毒性肝炎分别占15.7%、17.0%、2.4%和35.2%,未分型者占29.7%;发病年龄主要集中在30～69岁,占67.4%,甲型肝炎15～49岁为发病高峰期占62.7%,乙型肝炎发病年龄集中在15～69岁占96.0%,丙型肝炎发病年龄在15～69岁占94.5%,戊型肝炎30～69岁为疾病高发年龄段占61.3%,未分型年龄集中在50～69岁,占74.3%;男性患者519例,女性患者215例,男女性患者之比为2.4∶1,每年1～2季度为发病的高峰季节,分别占27.6%和36.4%;临床分型中急性黄疸型肝炎453例(61.7%),急性无黄疸型肝炎264例(36.0%),重型肝炎17例(2.3%)。结论急性病毒性肝炎以戊型和未分型肝炎类型为常见,急性黄疸型肝炎是主要的临床类型;注意个人卫生及改善卫生条件有助于预防甲型肝炎和戊型肝炎传播,接种甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎疫苗是有效的预防措施。
Objective To study the characteristics of acute viral hepatitis etiology and formulate scientific preventive measures. Methods A total of 734 patients with acute viral hepatitis admitted between January 2004 and December 2008 were enrolled in the etiological diagnosis and epidemiological study. Results Among the 734 cases, A, B, C and E accounted for 15.7%, 17.0%, 2.4% and 35.2%, respectively, and 29.7% for undifferentiated type. The age of onset mainly ranged from 30 to 69 years old, accounting for 67.4% %, Hepatitis A 15 to 49 years old accounted for 62.7% of the peak incidence, the incidence of hepatitis B in 15 to 69 years of age accounted for 96.0%, hepatitis C incidence in 15 to 69 years of age 94.5%, hepatitis E 30 ~ 69 years old accounted for 61.3% of the disease-prone age group, un-typed age concentrated in 50 to 69 years old, accounting for 74.3%; 519 male patients, 215 female patients, male and female patients ratio was 2.4: 1, The incidence of acute jaundice hepatitis was 453 cases (61.7%), 264 cases (36.0%) of acute jaundice-free hepatitis and 17 cases (2.3%) of severe hepatitis in the second quarter of the year, accounting for 27.6% and 36.4% ). Conclusions Acute viral hepatitis is common type of hepatitis E and non-type hepatitis, acute jaundice hepatitis is the main clinical type; pay attention to personal hygiene and improve the health conditions can help prevent the spread of hepatitis A and hepatitis E, inoculation of type A Hepatitis and hepatitis B vaccines are effective preventive measures.