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选取华北平原20世纪50年代以来的代表品种碧蚂1号、济南2号、泰山1号、冀麦26、冀麦38和济麦22,通过田间试验的方法研究了灌溉和雨养条件下不同年代小麦品种籽粒千粒重和灌浆特性的差异。结果表明:1)在灌溉和雨养条件下,小麦籽粒千粒重随品种的更替均呈逐渐增加的趋势,灌浆期天数和平均灌浆速率逐渐增加,其中速增期天数和灌浆速率的增加是当前小麦品种济麦22籽粒千粒重较高的主要原因;2)与灌溉条件相比,在雨养条件下不同年代小麦品种的籽粒千粒重、灌浆期天数和平均灌浆速率、速增期天数和灌浆速率均有所下降,但下降幅度存在差异,当前品种济麦22的下降幅度高于以前品种,对水分亏缺的敏感性较强。因此,在未来的小麦育种中,应更多地选育速增期天数多和灌浆速率高的品种,并提高其对水分亏缺的适应性。
The representative cultivars Bi-Ma 1, Jinan 2, Taishan 1, Ji-mai 26, Ji-mai 38 and Jimai 22 were selected from the North China Plain since the 1950s to study the effects of irrigation and rain-fed conditions Difference of grain weight per 1000 grains and grain filling characteristics of wheat varieties in the. The results showed that: 1) Under the conditions of irrigation and rainfed, the grain weight of wheat increased gradually with the replacement of varieties, the number of days of filling and the average filling rate increased gradually, and the increase of days and filling rate of wheat increased The main reason for the high 1000-grain weight of Jimai 22 was 2) Compared with the irrigation condition, the grain thousand-grain weight, the days of filling and the average filling rate, the number of days of fast growing and the filling rate of wheat cultivars with different years under rain-fed condition But the decreasing range is different. The decline of the current variety Jimai 22 is higher than that of the former breed, and it is more sensitive to water deficit. Therefore, in the future of wheat breeding, we should breed more varieties with higher number of days and higher filling rate and increase their adaptability to water deficit.