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海啸是由海底地震、火山喷发、海底山体滑坡或者海底核爆炸等产生的具有超长波长和中等周期的大洋行波。其中,因海底地震引发地壳垂向错动而造成大面积的水体突然升降,从而形成一系列波长数十至数百千米,周期2-200分钟的长重力波,一般称为地震海啸。海啸在大洋中传播数千千米而能量衰减甚小,当其行进至浅水区时,波速变小,波高陡增,大量海水携带巨大海啸波能冲向近岸。
Tsunamis are oceanic traveling waves with ultra-long wavelengths and medium cycles that result from seafloor earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides on the seafloor, or nuclear explosions on the seafloor. Among them, due to the seafloor earthquake caused by the vertical crustal dislocation caused by a sudden rise and fall of a large area of water to form a series of tens to hundreds of kilometers wavelength, cycle 2-200 minutes of long-gravity waves, commonly known as earthquake and tsunami. The tsunami spreads thousands of kilometers in the ocean with little attenuation of energy. As it travels into shallow waters, the wave velocity decreases and the wave height increases sharply. Large amounts of sea water carry large tsunamis waves to the coast.