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目的分析研究北京房山地区2～7岁儿童乙肝疫苗免疫效果,为该地区儿童预防乙型肝炎提供重要科学依据。方法对北京房山地区1 578名2～7岁出生全程接种(常规免疫)乙肝疫苗的儿童采用电化学发光法(ECLA)查乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)与抗体(HBsAb),定量检测乙肝表面抗体。结果本实验检测的1 578例儿童中,其中1 400例,常规免疫,HBsAg阳性27例,阳性率为1.93%;HBsAb阳性1 145例,阳性率为81.79%,HBsAb浓度和阳性率均随年龄增长而下降,各年龄阶段数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);178例7岁儿童注射过加强针两年(即在5岁时注射了加强针),HBsAb阳性166例,阳性率为93.26%,与未注射的同龄儿童(7岁)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乙肝疫苗的免疫效应随免疫年限的增加而减弱,定期加强免疫对于增强免疫应答、预防乙肝感染是不可或缺的。
Objective To analyze the effect of hepatitis B vaccine in children aged 2 ~ 7 years old in Fangshan district of Beijing, and provide important scientific evidences for preventing hepatitis B in children in this area. Methods A total of 1 578 children aged 2 to 7 years old born in Fangshan District of Beijing were immunized with HBsAb and HBsAb by using ECLA (electrochemiluminescence) method to detect hepatitis B surface antigen. Results Of the 1 578 children tested, 1 400 were routinely immunized with 27 HBsAg positive and the positive rate was 1.93%. The positive rate of HBsAb was 1 145 and the positive rate was 81.79% (P <0.05); 178 cases of 7-year-old children were injected with needling for two years (ie, the needles were injected at the age of 5 years), and 166 cases were positive for HBsAb, the positive rate was 93.26%, which was significantly different from that of uninjected children (7 years old) (P <0.05). Conclusion The immune effect of hepatitis B vaccine is weakened with the increase of the number of years of immunization. Regular immunization is indispensable for enhancing immune response and preventing hepatitis B infection.