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目的了解江苏省金湖县施尖滩钉螺分布情况,探讨钉螺来源及今后防治措施。方法每年3-4月份,采取系统抽样结合环境抽查法对施尖难开展钉螺调查,框距10~20 m。发现有螺环境,统计钉螺最高密度、活螺平均密度、有螺框出现率等相关指标。对捕获的钉螺采用压碎镜检法进行解剖,确定钉螺感染血吸虫情况。结果 2001-2012年在江苏省金湖县施尖滩累计发现有螺条块14个,其中新发现有螺条块6个,新发现有螺面积28.18 hm~2。复现钉螺面积0.83 hm~2。新发现钉螺有螺框出现率高于复现钉螺有螺框出现率,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.64,P<0.01)。钉螺均分布于高邮湖畔水流回漩地带,钉螺密度从湖边向滩内逐渐增高。在系统抽样调查的3 896框中,活螺框数970框,捕获钉螺4 192只。钉螺最高密度52只/框,活螺平均密度1.08只/框,有螺框出现率24.9%。解剖钉螺3 510只,结果未发现感染性钉螺。结论金湖县施尖滩螺区环境复杂,查灭螺难度大,应采取环境改造灭螺为主、药物灭螺为辅的综合治理措施,迅速压缩钉螺面积,有效控制钉螺扩散。
Objective To understand the distribution of Oncomelania snails in Shixian Beach, Jinhu County, Jiangsu Province, and to explore the sources and future prevention and treatment measures. Methods From March to April each year, systematic sampling and environmental sampling were used to investigate snails in Shihjian. The frame distance was 10-20 m. Found a snail environment, the highest statistical density snail, average density of live snails, the occurrence of screw frame and other related indicators. The captured snails were dissected using a crush-mirror method to determine the infection of snails with schistosomiasis. Results A total of 14 snail strips were found in Shijian Beach, Jinhu County, Jiangsu Province during 2001-2012. Among them, there were 6 newly found snail strips, and newly discovered snail areas of 28.18 hm ~ 2. Recurrence Snail area 0.83 hm ~ 2. The occurrence rate of snail with newly found snail was higher than that with snail with recurrence (χ ~ 2 = 9.64, P <0.01). Snails are located in Gaoyou lake water swirling zone, snail density gradually increased from the lake to the beach. In the 3 896 box of the system sample survey, the number of live snails was 970 frames, and 4 192 snails were captured. The highest density of snails 52 / box, the average density of live snails 1.08 / box, screw frame 24.9%. Anatomy 3 510 snails, the results did not find infectious snails. Conclusion The environment of Shijintan Spirits in Jinhu County is complex and the investigation is very difficult. Therefore, we should take the comprehensive measures of environmental improvement and snail control, and quickly reduce the area of snails and effectively control the spread of snails.