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贫富差距已成为大家关注的社会公平问题焦点。在今年召开的十届全国人大会议期间,曾专门举行过一次关于如何缩小收入差距的代表议案讨论会。但缩小收入差距与缩小贫富差距还不是一会事,缩小贫富差距也不能完全靠缩小收入差距来实现。因为收入差距是指个体性差距。而贫富差距是指整体性差距。缩小收入差距主要是初次分配领域内的问题,而缩小贫富差距是包含初次分配与再次分配两个领域的问题。党的十六大报告提出:初次分配注重效率,再分配注重公平。前者强调发挥市场的作用,后者则强调发挥政府与社会的调节作用。西方资本主文国家进入市场经济比较早,他们在经济与社会发展过程中,也有一个效率与公平的问题。虽然在制度上他们难以从根本上解决这一问题,但他们的一些做法还是值得我们借鉴的。去年11月我在法国考察期间,对法国政府如何以政府干预实现再分配调节作了一些了解。感到法国政府通过再分配调节,达到缩小贫富差距,缓解社会矛盾的一些做法还是比较可取的。
The gap between rich and poor has become the focus of public concern. During the 10th NPC session held this year, a seminar on behalf of how to narrow the income gap has been held exclusively. However, narrowing the income gap and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor are not yet a problem. The narrowing of the gap between the rich and the poor can not be entirely achieved through narrowing the income gap. Because the income gap refers to the individual gap. The gap between rich and poor refers to the overall gap. Narrowing the income gap is mainly the problem in the field of primary distribution. The narrowing of the gap between the rich and the poor is a problem that includes the two areas of primary distribution and redistribution. The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that primary distribution should focus on efficiency and redistribution should focus on fairness. The former emphasizes the role of market while the latter emphasizes the role of government and society. Western capitalist countries entered the market economy relatively early, and they also had an issue of efficiency and fairness in the process of economic and social development. Although it is difficult for them to systematically solve this problem, some of their practices still deserve our help. During my visit to France in November last year, I made some briefs on how the French government made use of government intervention in redistributing the economy. Feeling the French government through the redistribution of regulation, to narrow the gap between rich and poor, easing some of the social conflicts is more desirable.