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长期以来,多数学者认为,由于城乡二元体制的存在等原因,我国城乡居民的食物消费结构存在巨大差异。然而,近年来,随着市场化、城镇化进程的推进,我国的二元经济体制正在发生巨大的变化,并且深刻地影响着城乡居民的食物消费结构。本文通过对1978~2014年中国城乡居民食物消费的时间序列数据的分析发现:我国城乡居民的恩格尔系数水平逐渐趋同,城乡居民的食物消费量的差距全面收窄,城乡居民的食物消费量结构和食物支出结构均存在极大的相似性等城乡居民食物消费的特点和规律。本文认为,基于我国城乡居民食物消费规律的一致性,未来我国城乡居民的食物消费将朝趋同的方向发展。
For a long time, most scholars believe that due to the existence of urban-rural dual system and other reasons, there is a huge difference in the structure of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China. However, in recent years, with the marketization and the progress of urbanization, the dual economic system of our country is undergoing tremendous changes and has a profound impact on the food consumption structure of urban and rural residents. Based on the analysis of time-series data of food consumption of urban and rural residents in China from 1978 to 2014, we find that the Engel’s coefficient of urban and rural residents in China gradually converges and the gap of food consumption between urban and rural residents is narrowed. The consumption structure of urban and rural residents and The structure and structure of food expenditure have great similarities and other characteristics and laws of food consumption of urban and rural residents. This paper argues that based on the consistency of urban and rural residents’ food consumption law, food consumption of urban and rural residents in our country will develop toward convergence in the future.