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研究了由 4个不育系及其保持系与 7个恢复系配组的 2 4个粳型杂种的 9个品质性状的遗传表现 ,结果表明 :( 1)杂种粳米的品质性状表现普遍介于双亲之间 ,但粒宽和直链淀粉含量有较多的超高亲组合 ,糙米率和精米率有较多的超低亲组合。 ( 2 )杂种的整精米率、粒长、粒宽、垩白率、糊化温度 5个性状与不育系呈显著正相关 ;糙米率、精米率、垩白率、直链淀粉含量 4个性状与恢复系呈显著正相关 ;除糊化温度和胶稠度外的其余 7个性状均与中亲值呈显著正相关。 ( 3)杂种的糙米率、精米率、整精米率、粒长、粒宽、垩白率的遗传表达主要决定于二倍体的母体基因型 ,而直链淀粉含量、糊化温度、胶稠度的遗传表达主要由三倍体胚乳的基因型决定。 ( 4 )在栽培粳稻不同品种的细胞质之间以及不育胞质与可育胞质之间 ,并不普遍存在对品质性状的遗传效应 ,但可因性状而有所不同。
The genetic performance of 9 quality traits of 24 japonica hybrids were studied. The results showed that: (1) The quality traits of japonica hybrids were generally in the range of There was more ultrahigh affinity between grain size and amylose content among the parents, while the rate of brown rice and milled rice had more ultra-low affinity combinations. (2) Five characters of milled rice such as milled rice rate, grain length, grain width, chalkiness rate and gelatinization temperature were significantly and positively correlated with CMS lines; brown rice rate, milled rice rate, chalkiness rate and amylose content were 4 There was a significant positive correlation between traits and restorer lines. The other seven traits except for gelatinization temperature and gel consistency were positively correlated with mid-parent values. (3) The genetic expression of brown rice rate, milled rice rate, milled rice rate, grain length, grain width and chalkiness rate were mainly determined by the diploid maternal genotypes, while the amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency The genetic expression is mainly determined by the genotype of triploid endosperm. (4) Genetic effects on quality traits are not common among different cytoplasm cultivars and between sterile cytoplasm and fertile cytoplasm, but they may vary according to traits.