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利用生物质炭与化肥混合制成的生物质炭基肥料进行田间试验,比较炭基肥料对蔬菜硝酸盐积累的影响以及不同原料生物质炭基的肥效差异。选择小麦秸秆炭、花生壳炭、棉花秸秆炭3种炭基肥料,炭基肥养分含量为37%,N:P2O5:K2O=18:9:10。以普通复合肥为对照,总养分为45%,N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15。结果表明,与普通复合肥相比,麦秸秸秆炭基肥处理使小白菜硝酸盐含量显著降低了35.38%,可溶性糖含量提高31.12%,维生素C含量提高31.55%。同时施用的小麦秸秆炭基肥在总养分含量比普通复合肥减少18%的条件下,小白菜的产量显著提高了45.03%。而花生壳炭基肥和棉花秸秆炭基肥处理效果不明显。因此,小麦秸秆炭基肥有望成为有效的降低小白菜的硝酸盐含量、提高品质和产量的新型环保肥料。
The biomass carbon-based fertilizers made by mixing biomass carbon and chemical fertilizers were used in field experiments to compare the effects of carbon-based fertilizers on the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables and the differences in the efficiency of carbon-based fertilizers for different raw materials. Three kinds of carbon-based fertilizers such as wheat straw charcoal, peanut shell charcoal and cotton straw charcoal were selected. The nutrient content of the carbon-based fertilizer was 37% and N: P2O5: K2O was 18:9:10. The average compound fertilizer as a control, the total nutrients of 45%, N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15. The results showed that compared with common compound fertilizer, the treatment of wheat straw with carbon-based fertilizer significantly reduced the nitrate content of cabbage by 35.38%, the soluble sugar content by 31.12% and the vitamin C content by 31.55%. At the same time, the application of wheat straw carbon-based fertilizer in the total nutrient content of 18% less than the average compound fertilizer conditions, the yield of Chinese cabbage increased significantly by 45.03%. Peanut shell carbon-based fertilizer and cotton straw carbon-based fertilizer treatment effect is not obvious. Therefore, the wheat straw carbon-based fertilizer is expected to be effective to reduce the nitrate content of cabbage, improve quality and yield of new environmentally friendly fertilizers.