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对测定钢和铁在熔炼、浇铸时温度的精确性的要求一年比一年更高了。用光学高温计测温不能保证足够的精度,这是因为材料的辐射特性不仅取决于其温度,而且还取决于材料化学成份的很微小的变化以及气体介质的特性。光学仪器只适于测量金属表层温度,可是,众所周知,熔融金属的表层温度与下层温度差异甚大。金属在炉中不同层的温度差
The requirement to determine the temperature accuracy of steel and iron during melting and casting is higher than a year. Temperature measurement with an optical pyrometer does not guarantee sufficient accuracy because the radiation characteristics of the material depend not only on its temperature but also on the slight changes in the chemical composition of the material and the nature of the gas medium. Optical instruments are only suitable for measuring metal surface temperature, however, it is well known that the surface temperature of molten metal is very different from the temperature of the underlying layer. Metal temperature difference between layers in the furnace