纵观20世纪文学理论发展史,可以看到两种迥然不同的景象:在西方占主导地位的一直是形式主义批评。由于无力摆脱“语言的囚笼”的桎梏,文学研究的路子陷于越走越窄的困境;而在苏联和中国等国,则是社会学批评占上风。在庸俗社会学盛行时,文学研究几近陷于死胡同。文学研究何去何从?如何摆脱困境?巴赫金的文化批评理论实践给人以极大的启示。 Looking at the history of the development of literary theory in the twentieth century, two completely different visions can be seen: domination in the West has been formalist criticism. Due to the inability to get rid of the “cage of language”, the path of literary studies is getting narrower and narrower. In the Soviet Union and China, sociological criticism prevails. In the prevalence of vulgar sociology, literary studies almost dead end. Where does literature research go from here? How to get rid of the difficulties? Bakhtin’s theory of cultural criticism gives a great inspiration.