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社会主义国家积累的常规模式,是由国家通过财政的分配职能,集中国民收入中绝大部分积累资金用以从事扩大再生产。苏联和东欧各国的经济发展,一再重复这种积累模式,我国1978年以前三十年的经济发展,也一直重复这种积累模式。 1953—1978年,我国累计积累额11899亿元,其中来自居民储蓄(包括居民储蓄存款、居民手存现金以及居民购买国内公债的金额)部分为485.5亿元,仅占4.1％。企业基本上不承担积累责任,全部利润都上缴财政(1958—1961年间企业有少量留利)。不仅扩大再
The conventional pattern accumulated by the socialist countries consists in that the state, through the fiscal distribution function, concentrates the vast majority of the accumulated national income for the expansion of reproduction. The economic development of the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries has repeatedly repeated this pattern of accumulation. The economic development in the three decades preceding 1978 in our country has also been repeating this pattern of accumulation. From 1953 to 1978, China accumulated a cumulative amount of 1,189.9 billion yuan, of which some 48.55 billion yuan (4.1%) came from household savings (including residents’ savings deposits, residents’ hand-held cash and residents’ purchases of domestic bonds). Enterprises basically do not assume responsibility for accumulation, all profits are turned over to finance (1958-1961, a small amount of enterprises retained profits). Not only expanded yet