1996年秋,海上多分量地震学在北海首次得到了半商业化应用,从此引起了地球物理界的关注。这项技术的实质是,在海底利用含有水听器和三分量检波器的传感器组除了记录传统的P波外,还记录了S波。为此,必须开发一些新的算法来正确处理这些数据。自从1996年9月以来,共有近100次海上四分量勘探,大多数为2-D勘探。然而,四分量三维(4C、3-D)勘探发展要快于4-C、2-D勘探。目前.第一批4-C、3-D勘探数据已经处理完毕,结果发现,信息量非常丰富,具有很高的使用价值。到目前为止,在北海、远东、西非海岸、Cook Inlet、中东以及墨西哥湾等地均开展了四分量勘探工作。通过对这些资料的初步评价可以发现,资料的质量都比较高,采集系统和海底的耦合比较好,并且绝大多数转换S波能量不 In the autumn of 1996, the marine multi-component seismology was first used in semi-commercial applications in the North Sea, which aroused the concern of the geophysical community. The essence of this technique is that the S wave is recorded on the sea bottom using a sensor set containing a hydrophone and a three-component detector in addition to the traditional P wave recording. To this end, some new algorithms have to be developed to handle the data correctly. Nearly 100 maritime four-component surveys have been conducted since September 1996, most of which are 2-D surveys. However, quaternion 3D (4C, 3-D) exploration is progressing faster than 4-C, 2-D exploration. At present, the first batch of 4-C and 3-D exploration data has been processed and found that the amount of information is very rich and has high value for use. To date, four-component exploration has been conducted in the North Sea, the Far East, the West African coast, Cook Inlet, the Middle East and the Gulf of Mexico. Through preliminary evaluation of these data, we can find that the quality of the data is relatively high, the coupling between the acquisition system and the sea floor is better, and the vast majority of S-wave energy is not converted