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综合运用GIS地统计分析和空间分析技术,以保山市隆阳区为代表区域研究高原坝区耕地土壤主要养分的空间变异规律,及其与土类、地形因子间的关系。结果表明:研究区内土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾表现出中等程度的空间相关性。有效磷变异系数最大,空间自相关性较强。各指标在不同土类间差异均达极显著水平:潴育型水稻土中pH值、有机质、碱解氮含量较高;黄壤中有效磷含量最低,速效钾最高;红壤中有机质含量最低。土壤养分受地形因子影响明显,pH、有机质、碱解氮和速效钾与海拔均呈显著的正相关;有效磷与海拔呈负相关;坡度与pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷均呈负相关,与速效钾正相关。坡向与各指标相关性均不显著。本研究可为科学耕地施肥,合理土地改良及利用提供依据,对高原稀缺耕地的可持续和高效利用具有重要意义。
Based on the comprehensive statistical analysis and spatial analysis technology of GIS, the spatial variability of main nutrients in cultivated land and the relationship with soil types and topographical factors in the plateau area of Longshan District, Baoshan City were studied. The results showed that the soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen and available potassium in the study area showed a moderate degree of spatial correlation. The available phosphorus has the largest coefficient of variation and strong spatial autocorrelation. The differences of soil pH, soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the paddy-paddy soil were the highest, the lowest available phosphorus in the yellow soil, the highest available potassium, and the lowest in the red soil. Soil nutrients were significantly affected by topographical factors. There was a significant positive correlation between pH and organic matter, available nitrogen, available potassium and altitude. Available phosphorus was negatively correlated with altitude, and slope and pH, organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were negative Related to fast-acting potassium. Slope and the correlation between the indicators are not significant. This study can provide scientific basis for fertilizing cultivated land and improving and utilizing land properly, which is of great significance to the sustainable and efficient use of scarce cultivated land in the plateau.