哈佛学派著名产业经济学学者贝恩在《产业组织》一书中第一次把过度竞争概括为低集中度、持续性过度供给或过剩生产能力和经济绩效较差的产业的一种市场结构。我国经济界这样认为,行业平均利润率低于10%的行业即为存在一定的过度竞争倾向的行业,利润率低于5%的行业则属于过度竞 For the first time in Industrial Organization, Bane, a well-known industrial economist at Harvard University, characterized excessive competition as a market structure of industries with low concentration, persistent over-supply or excess capacity and poor economic performance. According to the opinion of the Chinese economic circles, industries with an average profit margin of less than 10% in the industry are industries that have a tendency to over-compete and those with less than 5% profit margins are over-competitive