聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaciton,PCR)是DNA聚合酶在体外系统中引发一对引物间的DNA双链的合成过程。1985年Saiki等人首先应用PCR放大β球蛋白基因的片段,用标记的寡核苷酸探针杂交和限制性内切酶水解,电泳分离后根据片段大小诊断镰刀形贫血病(Hbs)。反应经过20个周期后,被放大的片段数量可增加数十万倍,此法应用日益广泛。如放大后的片段直接克隆和顺序分析;检测HbC基因和HLA等位基因的变异;用于甲型血 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the process by which DNA polymerase initiates DNA double-stranded between a pair of primers in an in vitro system. In 1985, Saiki et al. First used PCR to amplify the fragment of the beta globin gene, which was hybridized with a labeled oligonucleotide probe and subjected to restriction endonuclease hydrolysis. Skeletal anemia (Hbs) was diagnosed according to the size of the fragment after electrophoresis. After 20 cycles of reaction, the number of amplified fragments can increase hundreds of thousands of times. This method is widely used. Such as amplified clones directly cloned and sequenced; detection of HbC and HLA alleles; for type A blood