目的了解2013年媒体报道的接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗事件,对儿童家长接种乙肝疫苗态度、行为的影响,比较不同阶段儿童家长态度和行为的变化,为制定宣传策略提供参考。方法此次调查为便利抽样,采用现场拦截调查法,分别于2013年12月19日和12月29日开展两次调查,现场调查通过面对面一问一答形式完成。结果2013年12月19日和12月29日,分别调查93名和151名学龄前儿童家长。两次调查儿童家长对接种乙肝疫苗事件的知晓率分别为18.3%和77.5%。两次调查中,大学专科(大专)及以上文化程度的儿童家长,肯定或怀疑儿童死亡与接种乙肝疫苗有关的占82.2%(88/107),高于中学及以下文化程度儿童家长的57.7%(15/26)(χ2=7.22,P=0.007);大专及以上文化程度的儿童家长表示,儿童接种乙肝疫苗会或可能会受此事件影响的占66.4%(71/107),高于中学及以下文化程度儿童家长的38.5%(10/26)(χ2=6.83,P=0.009)。两次调查中,知道接种乙肝疫苗事件者认为疫苗不安全的分别占31.3%和36.8%,高于不知道事件者认为疫苗不安全的8.5%和2.9%。儿童家长获取信息的主要途径为网络、电视和手机等,最值得信赖的信息渠道为政府部门。结论接种乙肝疫苗事件对公众对于接种乙肝疫苗和预防接种安全性的信心产生较大影响。要加大对儿童家长的宣传力度,重点通过网络、电视等途径开展宣传,及时公布正面信息,消除儿童家长的疑虑。 Objective To understand the impact of hepatitis B vaccination reported in the media in 2013 on the attitudes and behavior of children’s parents who received hepatitis B vaccine and to compare the changes of parents’ attitude and behavior in different stages of children’s vaccination so as to provide references for formulating publicity strategies. Methods In order to facilitate the sampling, the survey conducted on-site interception investigation and conducted two surveys on December 19 and December 29, 2013 respectively. The on-site investigation was completed through face-to-face questions and answers. Results On December 19 and December 29, 2013, 93 and 151 preschool-aged parents were investigated separately. Two survey children’s awareness of hepatitis B vaccination events were 18.3% and 77.5%. In both surveys, 82.2% (88/107) of the children who were affirmed or suspected of having died of childbirth were related to hepatitis B vaccination, 57.7% of whom were parents of children with college education and above, (15/26) (χ2 = 7.22, P = 0.007). Parents of children with college education or above said that 66.4% (71/107) of children who received hepatitis B vaccine might be affected by this incident, And 38.5% (10/26) of children with education level below (χ2 = 6.83, P = 0.009). In the two surveys, those who knew that the hepatitis B vaccine was vaccinated accounted for 31.3% and 36.8% of the unsafe cases, respectively, higher than 8.5% and 2.9% of those who did not know the vaccine was unsafe. The main ways for children’s parents to obtain information are network, television and mobile phone, and the most reliable information channel for government departments. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination has a great impact on public confidence in the safety of hepatitis B vaccination and vaccination. We should step up publicity efforts to parents of children and give priority to publicity through internet, television and other means, publish timely positive information and eliminate the concerns of children’s parents.