论文部分内容阅读
我院于1985年参加了国际小水电招标的投标工作,从马来西亚的三批工程投标中,看到了国外小水电发展的一些趋势,也看出了我们的差距。本文略加总结,对关心这方面工作的同志,可能会有一定的参考作用。 1.机型选择 马来西亚规划有82个小水电站,第四个五年计划期间拟实现20个电站。1985年获得亚洲开发银行贷款后,已发出三批招标书。 这三批电站的水头为29～140米,流量为0.4～1.4米~3/秒,出力200～800千瓦,都要求一个电站一台机组,且只要冲击式或双击式水轮机。他们根据已投产的一批试验电站,总结出冲击式水轮机投资最省,技术也最简单,水工结构设计可以标准化,软基上亦可修建。因此,厂房可以靠近河岸,缩短尾水渠。他们估计500千瓦以下的电站,机电设备投资每千瓦仅需200～300美元;11千伏线路投资每公里需40000马来西亚元(M),每户配电费1000M(折美元313元)。
Our hospital participated in the bidding for the international small hydropower bid in 1985 and saw some trends in the development of foreign small hydropower plants from the biddings of the three batches in Malaysia and also saw our disparities. This article briefly summarizes that there may be some reference for those who care about this work. 1. Model Selection Malaysia plans to have 82 small hydropower stations, the fourth five-year plan period to be achieved 20 power stations. After receiving a loan from the Asian Development Bank in 1985, three batches of tenders have been issued. The three batches of hydropower stations have a head of 29 to 140 meters and a flow rate of 0.4 to 1.4 m 3 / s with a power output of 200 to 800 kilowatts. All of these require a power plant with a single unit and an impulse or double-tap turbine. According to a batch of experimental power plants that have been put into operation, they conclude that the impulse turbine investment is the most economical and the technology is also the simplest. The hydraulic structural design can be standardized and the soft foundation can also be built. Therefore, the plant can be close to riverbanks to shorten the tailrace. They estimate that investment in electromechanical equipment will cost only 200-300 US dollars per kilowatt for power plants below 500 kilowatts. Million kilowatt-hours (M) will be required for 11-kilovolt lines per kilometer, and 1000 Million (313 US dollars) for each household.