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目的了解汽车模具制造企业存在的职业病危害因素、危害程度及采取的职业卫生工程措施,评价职业卫生工程的合理性和有效性。方法对汽车模具制造企业生产过程中使用的液态工业助剂进行定性分析,对作业场所空气中的有害物质进行定量分析,对通风系统进行现场调查与检测。结果生产准备厂房磨床操作工、焊装制造部机加砂轮机工接触砂轮磨尘的时间加权平均浓度均为12.8 mg/m3,不符合国家卫生标准;等离子火焰切割机操作工、二氧化碳气体保护焊焊工、冲焊制造部右前纵梁二氧化碳保护焊焊工接触电焊烟尘的时间加权平均浓度依次为5.37 mg/m3、4.25 mg/m3、4.25 mg/m3,不符合国家卫生标准;操作工接触噪声强度85.2~91.2 dB(A),不符合国家卫生标准。部分通风设施存在设计不合理的问题。结论汽车模具制造企业以机械加工为主,以粉尘、噪声危害为主,半密闭式的防护措施不能达到理想的控制效果,建议采用独立的机械排风设施进行粉尘的控制。存在的有毒物质主要来源于漆和调漆的稀料,应独立设置喷漆室和烘漆室,设置上送下排层流式送排风系统。
Objective To understand the occupational hazards, the degree of harm and occupational health engineering measures existing in automobile mold manufacturing enterprises, and evaluate the rationality and effectiveness of occupational health engineering. Methods Qualitative analysis of liquid industrial aids used in the process of automobile mold manufacturing enterprises was carried out to quantitatively analyze the harmful substances in the air in the workplace and carry out on-site investigation and testing of the ventilation system. Results The time-weighted average concentration of machine grinder mechanic contact grinder dust was 12.8 mg / m3, which did not meet the national health standards; plasma flame cutting machine operator, carbon dioxide gas shielded welding The time-weighted mean concentrations of welding front-side longitudinal beam carbon dioxide shielded welding welders exposed to welding fumes were 5.37 mg / m3, 4.25 mg / m3 and 4.25 mg / m3, respectively, which did not meet the national sanitary standards; ~ 91.2 dB (A), does not meet the national health standards. Part of the ventilation design exists unreasonable problems. Conclusion The automobile mold manufacturing enterprises are mainly mechanical processing, with dust and noise hazards as the main part. The semi-airtight protective measures can not achieve the ideal control effect. It is suggested that independent mechanical ventilation facilities be used for dust control. The existence of toxic substances mainly come from paint and paint thinner, paint booth and paint booth should be set up independently, set to send to the lower row of laminar flow to send exhaust system.