(一)古今词义的变化现代汉语是古代汉语的继承和发展,它有继承稳固的一面,又有发展变化的一面。例如天、地、人、手、牛、马等,几千年来,人们一直在使用着、意义没有大的变化。另外有许多词,古代用它,现存也用它,意义却发生了变化。其变化的情况大致有三种:一是词义扩大,如“江”“河”,古代一般专指长江、黄河,后来成了河流的泛称。二是词义缩小,如“瓦”,古义是“土器已烧之名”,现在则专指砖瓦的瓦了。三是词义转移,如“涕”,古代指眼泪,现在却指鼻涕了。 (A) changes in ancient and modern meaning of meaning Modern Chinese is the ancient Chinese inheritance and development, it has a stable inheritance side, there are changes in development. For example, heaven, earth, people, hands, cattle, horses, etc., people have been using for thousands of years, the significance of no major changes. There are many other words, ancient use it, the existing also use it, the meaning has changed. There are basically three kinds of changes: First, the expansion of meaning, such as “river” and “river”, the ancient general refers to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and later became the general term for the river. Second, the meaning reduction, such as “tile”, ancient meaning is “the name of earth has been burned,” now refers specifically to the tile tiles. Third, the meaning transfer, such as “tears”, ancient refers to the tears, but now refers to the nose.