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轴承常见的损坏形式是疲劳剥落,即细小的金属屑从轴承圈或滚动元件上掉落下来,这在油流中很容易发现。然而随着转速和尺寸的增大、截面积的减小,轴承圈上的圆周应力也随之增大,以致限制了轴承设计工作。当轴作高速运转时,园周应力可能会在轴承圈中引起相当大的张应力,结果以疲劳裂纹形式起始的裂缝可能达到临界尺寸并进一步扩展,导致轴承突然失效。这种断裂危险在某种程度上阻碍了发动机的发展。本文研究影响轴承钢断裂的冶金因素,并论述可以采取何种途径以打破目前的限制。
Common forms of damage to the bearing are fatigue spalling, where fine swarf falling from the bearing ring or rolling element can be easily detected in the oil flow. However, with the speed and size increases, the cross-sectional area decreases, the circumferential stress on the bearing ring also increases, resulting in limited bearing design. When the shaft is running at high speed, the circumferential stress can cause considerable tensile stress in the bearing ring. As a result, fractures that begin as fatigue cracks can reach critical dimensions and further expand, causing the bearing to fail suddenly. This risk of rupture hinder the development of the engine to some extent. This article examines the metallurgical factors that affect the fracture of bearing steels and discusses ways in which this can be done to break the current limitations.