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1.水库泥沙问题的内容及其严重性自新中国成立起到1978年底,我国修建了八万多座大中小型水库(台湾省暂未计入),总库容3950亿立米。这些工程在防洪、发电、灌溉、供水等方面起了重大作用。但由于不少河流含沙量较高,输沙量较大,水库淤积问题异常严重。截至1980年,全国水库总淤积量已达110多亿立米;平均每年淤积10亿立米。年淤积率(年淤积体积占水库原始总库容的百分数)为2％,这在世界上是首屈一指的(日本为1％,美国为0.7％,印度为0.7％,阿尔及利亚为1.2％)。水库泥沙问题包括:(1)泥沙淤积、库容损失,使防洪标准降低。如
1. Contents of the Sediment Problem and Its Severity Since the founding of New China At the end of 1978, over 80,000 large, medium and small reservoirs have been built in our country (not yet included in Taiwan Province) with a total storage capacity of 395 billion cubic meters. These projects have played a significant role in flood control, power generation, irrigation and water supply. However, due to the high sediment concentration in many rivers and large sediment discharge, the problem of reservoir siltation is extremely serious. As of 1980, the total volume of siltation in the country reached more than 11 billion cubic meters; on average, siltation amounted to 1 billion cubic meters per year. The annual sedimentation rate (annual deposition volume as a percentage of total reservoir original capacity) is 2%, which is second to none in the world (1% in Japan, 0.7% in the USA, 0.7% in India, and 1.2% in Algeria). Reservoir sediment problems include: (1) Sediment deposition, storage capacity loss, so that flood control standards. Such as