一、引言在机器和仪器制造中遵守直线形状偏差 F_G 的规定公差对确保(如机床导轨的)功能和测量任务(如钢尺的直度偏差)具有重要意义。从实验和文献中已知测试直线形状偏差的各种仪器和方法。本文根据理论考查和实际测量探讨了测量不确定度的各种测量方法、测量条件和测量费用。同时根 I. INTRODUCTION Complying with the tolerances of straight shape deviations F_G in the manufacture of machines and instruments is of great importance for ensuring the functions and measuring tasks (such as straightness deviations of the steel rule) of a machine tool, for example. Various instruments and methods for testing deviations of straight shapes are known from experiments and literature. In this paper, based on the theory test and the actual measurement of measurement uncertainty discussed various measurement methods, measurement conditions and measurement costs. At the same time root