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我国在今后相当一段时间内燃煤发电仍将占有主力地位,为了达到降低发电煤耗,实现用现有的煤多发电的目标,需要对现有燃煤电厂进行改造。首先,利用已掌握的技术改造现有电厂和建设新电厂,如缩短主蒸汽管道长度、提高二次过热温度、加强管道和阀门保温、用冷凝水冷却发电机、采用可调节气封、取较深处的海水作为电厂冷却水、降低锅炉排烟温度等;其次,利用最新技术就地改造20×104kW、10×104kW及12.5×104kW机组,就地改造投资少,不用再征地,生产辅助设备基本可用原有设施,节约的煤炭费用6年就能收回投资;第三,发展更高效的发电机组,提高蒸汽参数,特别是将蒸汽温度提高到700℃,可以把电厂的净效率提高到56%,煤耗可降至210g标煤/(kW.h),关键是研究开发一种新的耐高温的钢材,如果此项技术难题被解决,火电厂可减少1/3的燃煤量,大大降低二氧化碳排放量;第四,国家应大力改造工业锅炉,发展热电联产,利用供热来降低发电能耗。
For a long time in our country, coal-fired power generation will still occupy a leading position. In order to achieve the goal of reducing coal consumption in power generation and achieving the existing multi-generation of coal, it is necessary to reform the existing coal-fired power plants. First of all, we must use existing technology to transform existing power plants and build new power plants. For example, shortening the length of the main steam pipe, raising the temperature of the secondary superheating, strengthening the insulation of pipes and valves, cooling the generator with condensed water, adopting adjustable gas seal, Deep seawater as the power plant cooling water, reduce the boiler exhaust temperature; Secondly, the use of the latest technology in situ transformation of 20 × 104kW, 10 × 104kW and 12.5 × 104kW units, less investment in the transformation, no longer land acquisition, production of auxiliary equipment Basic availability of the original facilities, the cost of coal saved 6 years to recover the investment; Third, the development of more efficient generating units to improve steam parameters, especially the steam temperature increased to 700 ℃, the plant’s net efficiency can be increased to 56 %, Coal consumption can be reduced to 210g standard coal / (kW.h), the key is to study the development of a new high temperature steel, if the technical problems are solved, thermal power plants can reduce the amount of 1/3 of the coal, greatly Reduce carbon dioxide emissions; fourth, the state should make great efforts to transform industrial boilers, the development of cogeneration, the use of heating to reduce power generation.