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为了揭示作物种类对坡面径流和泥沙流失的影响,对坡耕地玉米、莜麦和土豆三种作物小区在7~9月侵蚀性降雨期的降雨量、径流量和泥沙流失量进行了监测与分析。结果表明:2015年7~9月侵蚀性降雨单场降雨量在25.76~40.25mm之间,均值为31.49mm,属大雨。作物种类对坡面径流量影响显著,表现为莜麦地>土豆地>玉米地,均值分别为:41.45L、37.48L和30.84L。三种作物小区泥沙流失量与降雨量和径流量间成正向线性关系,但相关系数和斜率均存在差异。随着径流量的增加,玉米小区泥沙流失量增加最慢,莜麦小区居中,土豆小区最快。三种作物小区径流含沙率存在显著差异,表现为:土豆小区>莜麦小区>玉米小区,均值分别为150.22g/L、121.47g/L和52.36g/L。作物种类对坡耕地坡面径流量、泥沙流失量、径流含沙率以及它们间相互关系均有影响,但玉米比莜麦和土豆具有更强的调蓄径流和保护泥沙流失的作用。
In order to reveal the impact of crop types on slope runoff and sediment loss, the rainfall, runoff and sediment loss of three crop plots on sloping fields of maize, oats and potatoes during erosive rainfall from July to September Monitoring and Analysis. The results showed that the single rainfall of erosive rainfall from July to September in 2015 was between 25.76 ~ 40.25mm with a mean of 31.49mm, which was a heavy rain. Crop types had a significant effect on runoff on the slope, with the ranges of 莜Midi> potato> cornfields, with mean values of 41.45L, 37.48L and 30.84L, respectively. There was a positive linear relationship between sediment loss and rainfall and runoff in the three cropping plots, but there were differences in correlation coefficient and slope. With the increase of runoff, the loss of sediment in corn plot increased the slowest, the oatmeal plot was the middle and the potato plot was the fastest. There were significant differences in runoff and sediment yield of the three crops, which were as follows: potato plot> mulberry plot> maize plot, the average values were 150.22g / L, 121.47g / L and 52.36g / L respectively. The crop types affected runoff slope runoff, sediment loss, runoff sediment yield and their interrelationship in sloping fields, but corn had stronger regulation of runoff and sediment loss than oats and potatoes.