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多能性干细胞是一类具有体外无限自我复制和分化为体内多种细胞类型能力的多潜能细胞,是研究基因功能、建立疾病模型和促进再生医学领域发展的一种重要工具。自1981年小鼠胚胎干细胞建立以来,科学家们已经先后成功地建立了灵长类、人、大鼠的胚胎干细胞和小鼠、大鼠的上胚层干细胞等。但是,目前研究表明,维持人、灵长类胚胎干细胞的多能性信号通路与维持小鼠、大鼠胚胎干细胞的截然不同,而与维持小鼠、大鼠上胚层干细胞的信号通路比较类似。因此,该文对目前研究较多的维持小鼠胚胎干细胞、人胚胎干细胞和小鼠上胚层干细胞的多能性信号通路进行了综述,希望能够对其它物种的多能性干细胞研究提供有益的借鉴。
Pluripotent stem cells are a group of pluripotent cells with the ability to self-replicate indefinitely in vitro and differentiate into various cell types in vivo. It is an important tool for studying gene function, establishing disease models and promoting the development of regenerative medicine. Since the establishment of mouse embryonic stem cells in 1981, scientists have succeeded in establishing primate, human and rat embryonic stem cells and mice, rat epicotomic stem cells and the like. However, current research shows that the pluripotency signaling pathways of human and primate embryonic stem cells are very different from the maintenance of mouse and rat embryonic stem cells, and are similar to those of maintaining the signaling pathways of mouse and rat embryonic stem cells. Therefore, this review summarizes pluripotency signaling pathways of maintaining mouse embryonic stem cells, human embryonic stem cells and mouse epiblast stem cells that are currently under research and hopes to provide a useful reference for pluripotent stem cell research in other species. .