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(一)引言作为现代科学一个重要方面的各种谱学方法,通常为物理学家所发现,并用来研究物质的某些基本性质。这时新方法常常并不引起人们的广泛注意。而一旦当它找到自己的化学应用后,在物理、化学和仪器制造者的共同努力下,新谱学技术就会得到迅速的进展。学科间概念与技术的互相渗透是谱学领域发展的重要动力。近年兴起的新学科——电子能谱学,也经历了这样的发生和发展过程。
(A) Introduction Various spectroscopic methods, one of the most important aspects of modern science, are commonly found by physicists and are used to study certain basic properties of matter. New methods often do not attract much attention at this time. Once it finds its own chemical application, new spectroscopy advances rapidly with the joint efforts of physical, chemical and instrumentation manufacturers. Interdisciplinary concepts and techniques of mutual penetration is an important driving force in the development of spectroscopy. The new discipline emerging in recent years - electron spectroscopy, also experienced such an occurrence and development process.