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早在上世纪20年代黄龙病就已经在南非存在了,迄今仍然是南非危害最严重的柑橘病害之一。然而自80年代末以来,柑橘产业制定了有效的策略控制了黄龙病的蔓延,使得黄龙病区柑橘的产量和效益得到了保障。这些策略包括:严格控制柑橘苗木及相关柑橘材料的运输;提供经由南非柑橘发展部(South A frican Citrus Improvement Scheme,CIP)鉴定的无病毒苗;去除病株;向树干或土壤施用内吸性杀虫剂控制木虱等。这些策略的实施加上良好的管理使得因黄龙病而放弃种植柑橘的产区又重新引种了柑橘,并且表现较好。然而,虽然采取了这些措施,在90年代还是由于从北部黄龙病区引入了柑桔繁殖材料而导致黄龙病传到了西开普省。尽管开普敦的柑橘种植者为根除黄龙病付出了很大的努力,但是他们的努力由于没有得到相应法律的支持而最终失败了,2005年的调查显示黄龙病已蔓延开来。此时树干施用久效磷和甲胺磷等内吸性有机磷杀虫剂挽救了南非的柑橘产业,现在这些杀虫剂已被对木虱药效期较长的氯代烟碱类杀虫剂所取代。黄龙病现在依然威胁着南非的柑橘产业,国际柑橘研究中心网一直提醒大家要时刻保持对黄龙病的警惕。一旦忽视,黄龙病会给南非柑橘产业带来毁灭性的打击。
As early as the 1920s, the yellow dragon disease has existed in South Africa and so far remains one of the most devastating citrus diseases in South Africa. However, since the late 1980s, the citrus industry has formulated effective strategies to control the spread of the yellow dragon’s disease, which has ensured the yield and benefits of citrus in the Huanglong ward. These strategies include: Strict control over the transport of citrus seedlings and related citrus materials; provision of virus-free seedlings identified through the South A frican Citrus Improvement Scheme (CIP); removal of diseased plants; Pesticides control psyllids and so on. The implementation of these tactics combined with good management led to the re-introduction of citrus and better performance in areas where citrus was abandoned due to the yellow dragon’s disease. However, despite these measures, the spread of yellow dragon’s disease to the Western Cape in the 1990s was also caused by the introduction of citrus propagation material from the northern Huanglong Ward. Although citrus farmers in Cape Town have worked hard to eradicate yellow dragon’s disease, their efforts eventually failed because they did not receive appropriate legal support. A 2005 survey showed that yellow dragon’s disease has spread. At this point the tree trunk application of monocrotophos and methamidophos and other systemic organophosphate insecticides to save the citrus industry in South Africa, and now these insecticides have been long-term toxicity of chlorpyrifos chlorinated nicotine insecticide Agent replaced. Huanglong disease is still a threat to the citrus industry in South Africa. The International Citrus Research Center Network has always reminded everyone to keep vigilance against the disease of Huanglong. Once neglected, Huanglongbing will bring a devastating blow to South Africa’s citrus industry.